Ⅰ.Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which
one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A,B,C or
D in the brackets.(2%×10=20%)
1.Chomsky uses the term ( ) to refer to the actual realization of a language
user’s knowledge of the rules of his language in linguistic communication.
A. langue B. competence
C. parole D. performance
2.In terms of the place of articulation, the following sounds [t][d][s][z][n]
share the feature of ( ).
A. palatal B. alveolar
C. bilabial D. dental
3.Transformational Generative Grammar was introduced by ( ) in 1957.
A. L. Bloomfield B. F. Saussure
C. N. Chomsky D.M. A. K. Halliday
4.Natural languages are viewed to vary according to ( ) set on UG principles to
particular values.
A. Adjacent Condition B. parameters
C. Case Condition D. Case requirement
5. Synonyms are classified into several kinds. The kind to which“girl”and“l(fā)ass”
belong is called ( ) synonyms.
A. stylistic B. dialectal
C. emotive D. collocational
6. The illocutionary point of ( ) is to express the psychological state
specified in the utterance.
A. representatives B. commissives
C. expressives D. declaratives
7. Modern English words man, woman, child, eat, fight, ect. originate from ( ).
A. Middle English B. Old English
C. French D. Norman French
8. In a diglossic country, the two diglossic forms of a language are generally
two varieties of the same language, but there are situations in which the
H-variety may have no ( ) relationship with the L-variety.
A. genetic B. social
C. direct D. close
9.Many aphasics do not show total language loss. Rather, different aspects of
language are impaired. Aphasics in ( ) area reveal word-finding difficulties and
problems with syntax.
A. Werniker’s B. visual
C. motor D. Broca’s
10. ( ) motivation occurs when the learner desires to learn a second language in
order to communicate with native speakers of the target language.
A. Instrumental B. Functional
C. Integrative D. Social
Ⅱ. Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one
word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to
fill in ONE word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter
given.(1%×10=10%)
11. If a linguistic study describes and analyzes the language people actually
use, it is said to be
d .
12. Stops, fricatives, affricates, liquids, and glides all have some degree of o
and are therefore consonants.
13. M is the smallest meaningful unit of language.
14. A is the movement of an auxiliary verb to the sentence-initial position,
such as “be”, “have”, “do” etc.
15. R is what a linguistic form refers to in the real world; it is a matter of
the relationship between form and the reality.
16. In Austin’s early speech act theory, c were statements that either state or
describe, and were thus verifiable.
17. In the process of first language acquisition, children usually construct
their personal grammars, and their language develops in stages until it a the
grammatical rules of the adult language.
18. A s community is one group, all of whose members share the same language or
at least a single language variety.
19. People may communicate their feelings or thoughts via n signals such as
facial expressions, gestures, postures, or proxemic space.
20. Although the development of a communicative system is not unique to human
beings, the natural acquisition of l as a system of highly abstract rules and
regulations for creative communication is what distinguishes humans from all
other animal species.
Ⅲ.Directions: Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false.
Put a T for true or F for false in the brackets in front of each statement. If
you think a statement is false, you must explain why you think so and give the
correct version. (2%×10=20%)
21. ( ) The writing system of a language is always a later invention used to
record speech; thus there are still many languages in today’s world that can
only be spoken, but not written.
22. ( ) In such sound combinations as /bi:p/, /geip/ and /su:p/, the voiceless
stop /p/, occurring in the final position, is unaspirated, i.e. pronounced with
the strong puff of air withheld to some extent.
23. ( ) The part of speech of the compound is always determined by the part of
speech of the second element, without exception.
24. ( ) The relationship between the embedded clause and its matrix clause is
one of a part to the whole.
25. ( ) The contextualist view of meaning holds that meaning should be studied
in terms of the situational context and linguistic context.
26. ( ) Searle’s classification of illocutionary acts is based on the
classification of performative verbs.
27. ( ) One kind of language change results in an increase of the number of
exceptional or irregular morphemes. This kind of change has been called internal
borrowing—that is, we “borrow” from one part of the grammar and apply the rule
generally.
28. ( ) There are differences in the way people of various age categories speak.
The differences most easily noted by the layman are likely to be grammatical in
nature.
29. ( ) The left hemisphere of the brain is superior to the right hemisphere
because the left hemisphere is language-dominant.
30 ( ) A child born to a Chinese or English speaking family takes about the same
number of years to acquire their native tongue, regardless of their general
intelligence.
Ⅳ.Directions: Explain the following terms, using one or two examples for
illustration.(3%×10=30%)
31. assimilation rule
32. root
33. bound morphemes
34. surface structure
35. grammaticality
36. elaboration
37. bilingualism
38. creole
39. the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis
40. fossilization
Ⅴ. Answer the following questions.(10%×2=20%)
41. The phonological features that occur above the level of individual sounds
are called suprasegmental features. Discuss the main suprasegmental features,
illustrating with examples how they function in the distinction of meaning.
42. Explain and give examples to show in what way componential analysis is
similar to the analysis of phonemes into distinctive features.
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