Part One
I. Vocabulary and Structure ( 10 points, 1 point for each item)
1. The winner in the general election is almost certain to be _____ the Republican or the Democratic nominee.
A. both B. either C. neither D. not only
2. Such attitudes amount to a recognition _____ leisure should be put to good use.
A. where B. what C. which D. that
3. Even with the new development in research, only a tiny ______ of all tests are done without using animals.
A. variety B. amount C. plenty D. proportion
4. The Netherlands is the only country in Europe which permits euthanasia, _____ it is not technically legal there.
A. if B. otherwise C. although D. unless
5. Mrs. Weinstein bravely and persistently used every skill she had to _____ her attacker not to take her life.
A. convince B. convey C. contact D. consult
6. Daydreaming improves a person’s ability to _____ more readily with new ideas.
A. show up B. put up with C. come up D. take up
7. On average about ￡5000 a year is spent on each private school pupil, ______ the amount spent on state school pupils.
A. as twice as B. twice more as
C. more than twice D. more twice than
8. To a worker, _____ from the point of view of society is necessary labor is from his own point of view voluntary play.
A. what B. which C. that D. it
9. Long life is altering our society, of course, but in experiential ______.
A. items B. terms C. turns D. themes
10. A man flown to a time zone different by 10 hours will ______ eight days to readjust his palm sweat.
A. spend B. take C. cost D. pay
Ⅱ. Cloze Test ( 10 points, 1 point for each item)
Great artists and great scientists are similar in that they both use the two sides of their brain. It is well known that Albert Einstein, 11 a great scientist, also enjoyed art, playing the violin and sailing. Einstein said his scientific discoveries grew from his imagination 12 from analysis, reason and language. The story goes 13 Einstein was daydreaming one summer’s day 14 sitting on a hill. He imagined that he was riding on sunbeams to the far distance of the universe. 15 he found that he had returned to the sun. So he realized that the universe must curve. He got this 16 by using his imagination. He then used the left side of brain to 17 analysis, number and reason. And finally he used language to explain it.
Traditional, 18 education in schools encourages us to use the left-hand side of our brains. Language, number, analysis and reason are given more importance in our schools than imagination and daydreaming. 19 , we are encouraged to leap when we have two perfectly good legs! Then why don’t we give more 20 to visual thinking?
11. A. as B. for C. with D. to
12. A. other than B. more than C. better than D. rather than
13. A. when B. which C. that D. what
14. A. while B. until C. though D. as if
15. A. And B. But C. So D. Then
16. A. story B. idea C. figure D. pattern
17. A. supply B. apply C. reply D. imply
18. A. establish B. to establish C. established D. establishing
19. A. Therefore B. Moreover C. Indeed D. However
20. A. value B. vision C. voice D. view
Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension ( 30 points, 2 points for each item)
Passage One
Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.
The more I see of the Internet, the more enthusiastic I am. We’re living through a period of dynamic change. America is ahead just now, with over 50 percent of the population on-line; Britain is next, then Scandinavia and Japan, with the rest of Europe lagging surprisingly behind. But it won’t be long before everyone catches up. In the third world especially, the internet will be a revolutionary force that will promote democracy and economic growth.
The lightning speech of American decision-making in today’s business world is rooted in the technology. In the 1980s, American companies, desperate to compete with Japanese and German companies, shed their bureaucratic(官僚的) aspects and returned to the knife-edge of the market. Companies began to be run much more aggressively in the interests of shareholders, and that powered the adoption of new technology. The pay of CEOs (首席執(zhí)行官) was tied to stock-market performance and businessmen got rich in a way they never previously imagined.
On the knife-edge of the market some are going to bleed. One big invention here is “frictionless selling” for cars—buying on-line rather than through a salesman at a car dealership (汽車專賣行). I just bought my new car this way. I arranged finance and got just what I wanted—color, interior, engine size—in half an hour. That’s great for me. But there are 25000—most family owned car dealerships in the United States, and in the next century most will die. It’s a transition that will surely be repeated many times over.
Telecom (電信) costs are falling towards zero, and computer costs aren’t far behind. The growth of the internet in Africa, Asia and the Far East is putting these tools in everyone’s hands. And I’m confident that if people got the chance to connect, they will quickly create wealth and opportunities across seven continents.
21．Why does the author feel more enthusiastic when he sees more of the Internet?
A. Because America is in a leading position in this field.
B. Because he believes that the Internet will change the whole world.
C. Because he is one of the businessmen who got rich in IT industry.
D. Because the Internet will bring democracy to the Third World.
22. American companies shed their bureaucratic practice because _______.
A. that was powered by the use of new technology
B. that was the way businessmen got rich
C. they wanted to tie the salary of their CEOs to stock-market performance
D. the competition with foreign companies was sharp
23. It can be inferred from the second paragraph that _______.
A. the adoption of the Internet helped improve the competing power of American companies
B. American companies were once thrown out of the market by Japanese and German companies
C. American companies competed desperately with foreign companies in car industry
D. many American businessmen were desperate to get rich
24. The author mentions the purchase of his new car and the car dealership to _______.
A. illustrate the advantage of “frictionless selling”
B. predict what change the Internet will bring to American daily life
C. illustrate one of the hurting effects of the Internet
D. compare this new way of selling cars with the traditional one
25. The word “transition” in paragraph 3 probably means _______.
A. failure B. change C. lesson D. competition
Passage Two
Almost no one argues against the view that schools have an important responsibilities to develop students’ intellect. Disputes center, rather, on the degree to which this responsibility should exceed all other responsibilities or potential responsibilities.
Some strong supporters of intellectual attainment as the primary objective of schools suggest that this purpose really is what schooling is all about and that other outcomes should receive only minimal emphasis. This position has a long history in American education. In general, the view suggests that school programs should not handle citizenship education or professional preparation directly. Rather, programs should focus on intellectual attainment. Once intellectual attainment has been achieved, good citizenship and an ability to handle work-related responsibilities will be natural by-products.
Critics of this purpose of education raise a number of objections. Some question the assumption that without direct instruction in the schools, students automatically will acquire good citizenship and professional competence as a result of their exposure to programs emphasizing intellectual competence. There is some feeling that it is too much to expect young people to bridge the gap between intellectual knowledge and the kind of citizenship skills and job-related knowledge they will need in the “real world”.
Other critics take issue with suggestions of some supporters of a heavy emphasis on intellectual attainment that school programs be strongly centered on such subjects as foreign languages, mathematics, history, literature, and the hard sciences—subjects thought capable of “challenging” the intellect. Critics allege that such subjects really are directed at a narrow, college-bound, intellectual elite. When schools serve the entire population of young people, it is not appropriate, these critics argue, to place such a heavy emphasis on an orientation that, in reality, is of benefit only to a small percentage of the total school population.
26. The current issue concerning schools’ responsibilities is focused on _______.
A. if schools should shoulder the responsibility to develop students’ intellect
B. if schools should try to cultivate good citizenship
C. if schools should teach students work-related skills
D. if schools should place too much emphasis on intellectual attainment
27. The view that schools shouldn’t teach directly the working skills is based on the assumption that ______.
A. students can learn these skills better in the real world
B. students should learn how to be a good citizen first
C. students with intellectual competence can get these skills automatically
D. students don’t need these skills during their stay at school
28. According to some critics, if a school program heavily emphasized subjects like foreign languages, mathematics, history, etc., _______.
A. schools would fail to produce any elite
B. only a small number of students would benefit from it
C. students’ intellect couldn’t be developed
D. students would fail in other subjects
29. It can be learned from the passage that _______.
A. a school has many objectives to achieve simultaneously
B. a school program focused on intellectual attainment is a good one
C. most American schools center strongly on intellectual development
D. only such intellect-related courses are taught in American schools
30. The author’s attitude toward this issue is _______.
A. subjective B. indifferent C. enthusiastic D. objective
Passage Three
There ahs been a critical lack of studies exploring women’s diverse concerns and ways of dealing with unmet needs for services. What explanations are offered for the lack of researches on urban and suburban women? As Lofland argued, women are just “there” in urban studies—in the background like furniture. This “thereness” can be attributed to three factors.
First, the “community” emphasis of urban studies leads researchers to study ethnic or working-class communities in which the woman’s role is home-centered, isolated, and secondary. Since her participation in the community’s public life is usually limited, her life is not readily visible, especially to the male researcher. His limited opportunity to observe and study women’s lives and activities, then, is a second explanation for the lack of studies. A third reason is that government and foundation funding is largely allocated to the study of “problems”, particularly those associated with crime. In these studies, the focus tends to be on men, although there is now a burgeoning (迅速增長的) literature on crime committed by women.
The gaps in the literature include a lack of research on well-to-do urban and suburban women whose life-style contrast sharply with the neighborhood-based world of ethnic or working-class women portrayed in such classics as Street Corner Society or The Urban Villagers. For example, suburban women may travel long distances take advantage of diverse facilities and resources located in the city. Since their activities take them away from their immediate residential community, these aspects of women’s lives fall outside the range of neighborhood or community studies. This need to travel, whether for greater intellectual pursuit or higher-quality services, gives women in most income groups the common task of working from within their environments to fulfill their needs.
31．What Lofland said suggests that ______.
A. women are ill-treated like old furniture
B. women’s role at home is like that of furniture
C. women tend to be ignored by researchers
D. women always fall behind men in urban studies
32. Which of the following is NOT a reason mentioned in the passage?
A. Many male researchers lack the opportunity to observe women
B. Women’s life if largely confined to their home.
C. Women don’t have much chance to participate in public life.
D. Women never commit any crime that is worth studying.
33. The phrase “well-to-do” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ______.
A. wealthy B. capable C. intelligent D. kind-hearted
34. The author mentions suburban women’s need to travel as an example of _______.
A. one aspect of women’s life unnoticed by other researchers
B. the limited role women play in their neighborhood community
C. suburban women’s pursuit of intellectual stimulation
D. the typical life-style portrayed by classical sociological works
35. The author of this passage is mainly concerned with _______.
A. reasons for the limited study on urban and suburban women
B. the diverse needs and concerns of urban and suburban women
C. the sharp contrast between urban and suburban women
D. the factors influencing urban women’s life-style
Part Two
Ⅳ. Word Spelling (10 points, 1 point for two items)
36. 被單，薄片 n. s _ _ _ _
37. 前景 n. p _ _ _ _ _ _ _
38. 官方的 a. o _ _ _ _ _ _ _
39. 可愛的 a. l _ _ _ _ _
40. 進(jìn)口 n. i _ _ _ _ _
41. 預(yù)報 v. f _ _ _ _ _ _
42. 元素，成份 n. e _ _ _ _ _ _
43. 智慧 n. w _ _ _ _ _
44. 緊張的 a. t _ _ _ _
45. 有規(guī)律的 a. r _ _ _ _ _ _
46. 推翻 v. o _ _ _ _ _ _ _
47. 開關(guān) n. s _ _ _ _ _
48. 獲得，得到 v. a _ _ _ _ _ _
49. 下降 v. d _ _ _ _ _ _
50. 加強(qiáng) v. e _ _ _ _ _ _
51. 有效的 a. e _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
52. 程度 n. e _ _ _ _ _
53. 建設(shè) v. c _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
54. 廢除 v. a _ _ _ _ _ _
55. 項(xiàng)目 n. p _ _ _ _ _ _
Ⅴ. Word Form ( 10 points, 1 point for each item)
56. The eventual aim of computer modeling is ______ (reduce) the number of animals used in experiments.
57. Until recently, many ______ (blame) Oxford for this bias because of the university’s special entrance exam.
58. Engineers are experimenting with new types of metal hands and fingers, ______ (give) robots a sense of touch.
59. All the men took guns with them in case they ______ (attack).
60. As in 1980, when Jimmy Carter lost to Ronal Reagan during tough economic times, the voters ______ (motivate) largely by the desire for change.
61. Expectation of life is a slippery figure, very easy ______ (get) wrong at the highest ages.
62. The effects of rapid travel on the body are actually far ______ (disturbing) than we realize.
63. The robots used in nuclear power plants can prevent human personnel from ______ (expose) to radiation.
64. A decision ______ (make) today may have consequences far into the future.
65. The important thing is to picture these desired objectives as if you ______ (attain) them.
Ⅵ. Translate the following sentences into English (15 points, 3 points for each item)
66. 收縮的過程如此強(qiáng)烈，以至于形成了黑洞。
67. 已經(jīng)采取了新措施來幫助保護(hù)家傭。
68. 機(jī)器人在發(fā)達(dá)國家的工廠里正變得日益普遍。
69. 我們接觸的人都有可能影響我們的態(tài)度。
70. 既然我們了解了這個問題，我們就可以努力去克服它。
Ⅶ. Translate the following passage into Chinese (15 points)
The gap between rich and poor was great, both in income and in the nature of their clothing, equipment and pattern of life. At a time when the dollar was so big that , 000 a year was an inviting sum to offer to the head of an insurance company, there were merchants in the seaboard cities who were making hundreds of thousands a year; one Boston merchant is said to have cleared 0,000 from one voyage of one of his ships. Not only was such a man rich—with of course no income tax to pay—but his wealth was instantly apparent to anybody who saw him and his lady in the street. You could tell a distance of fifty paces that their clothes were quite different in material and cut from those of ordinary folk.
模擬題（一）答案及詳解
Ⅰ. Vocabulary and Structure
1. 答案：B
本題考查either…or的固定搭配。
2. 答案：D
that引導(dǎo)同位語從句。
3. 答案：D
本句的意思是：“即使研究有了新的發(fā)展，只有一小部分的試驗(yàn)可以不用動物”。因此答案為D。variety 和plenty 分別表示“多樣”和“大量的”，意思不合適。amount 后只能接不可數(shù)名詞，而test是可數(shù)名詞。
4. 答案：C
本句的意思是“雖然荷蘭是歐洲唯一允許安樂死的國家，但是安樂死在荷蘭嚴(yán)格說來并不合法”，所以應(yīng)該填although。
5. 答案：A
在這四個選項(xiàng)中，只有convince可以接動詞不定式，組成 convince sb. not to do sth. 的詞組，意為“說服某人做某事”。
6. 答案：C
put up with“忍受”，come up with“想出，得出”。
7. 答案：C
英語中表示“是…的兩倍”用twice as much (many) as，表示“是…的兩倍多”則可用more than twice。所以答案為C 。
8. 答案：A
本題要求填入一個關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)主語從句，并在主語從句中作主語，所以選what。
9. 答案：B
in experiential terms意為“從經(jīng)驗(yàn)上來說”。
10. 答案：B
本題需要填入一個表示“花時間”而又能與動詞不定式連用的動詞。spend常用于 spend…doing sth. 的句型中。cost一般用于it cost sb. …to do sth.的句型中，主語不能是人。pay 表示“花錢”的意思。只有take 可用于sb. take…to do sth.的句型中。
II. Cloze Test
11. 答案：A
本題考查介詞的使用。眾所周知，愛因斯坦是一個偉大的科學(xué)家，因此此處應(yīng)填as，表示“作為”之意。
12. 答案：D
本題要求填入一個連接詞，連接兩個介詞詞組，表示“而不是”的意思，因此答案為rather than。其他三個詞組的意思分別是: other than“不用于，除了”，more than “極其，非常；超出…的”，better than“比…好”。
13. 答案：C
本句中Einstein… a hill為story的同位語從句，所以應(yīng)填that。
14. 答案：A
根據(jù)句意，愛因斯坦最有可能“坐在小山上，做著白日夢”，因此最佳選擇為while， 和sitting on a hill構(gòu)成連詞加分詞的形式，在句中做時間狀語。
15. 答案：D
本題考查本句和前一句的邏輯關(guān)系。在前一句中，文章提到“愛因斯坦乘著光束飛到了宇宙的遠(yuǎn)處”，本句則寫到“他發(fā)現(xiàn)自己回到了太陽系”，因此應(yīng)選then，表達(dá)兩句時間的先后順序。
16. 答案：B
“宇宙是圓弧形的”是一種idea“想法”，而不是story“故事”，figure“數(shù)字，人物，外形”或pattern“模式”。
17. 答案：B
本題考查動賓搭配。analysis, number, reason只能和動詞apply搭配，意為“運(yùn)用分析、計算、和推理”。其他三個動詞分別意為：supply“供應(yīng)”，reply“回復(fù)”，和imply“暗示”。
18. 答案：C
從本句的謂語動詞encourages來判斷，句子的主語應(yīng)該是education，這就排除了B。A選項(xiàng)不合語法；句首的traditional提示我們，教育是早已確定了的，應(yīng)此應(yīng)選established。
19. 答案：D
本題和題一樣考查前后兩句的邏輯關(guān)系。從前一句我們得知，傳統(tǒng)上學(xué)校更重視語言、計算、分析和邏輯，也就是重視左腦的開發(fā)。在本句中，作者指出“擁有兩條完好的腿”才能跳躍，即應(yīng)該同時使用大腦的左右半球。兩句之間存在明顯的轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，所以選However。
20. 答案：A
本句為一個反問句，事實(shí)上是在建議因該“更加重視視覺思維”。四個選項(xiàng)中，只有value可以和give…to搭配，表達(dá)“重視”之意。其他名詞的意思分別是：vision“想象力，視覺”，voice“聲音”，和view“看法，視野，景色”。
III. Reading Comprehension
Passage One
21. 答案：B
本題是針對文章的第一句話提問的，實(shí)際上是考查全文的中心思想。從文中得知，作者預(yù)測因特網(wǎng)將給世界帶來巨大的改變，因此答案是B。其他選項(xiàng)都過于具體，不能概括全文的中心思想。
22. 答案：D
本題要求選擇美國公司放棄官僚作風(fēng)的原因是什么。A“是被新技術(shù)的使用所推動”顛倒了因果關(guān)系，因?yàn)樾录夹g(shù)的使用是改變官僚作風(fēng)的結(jié)果而不是原因。文中沒有提到商人致富是靠改變作風(fēng)，所以B也不對。C “這些公司想把它們首席執(zhí)行官的工資和股票市場的表現(xiàn)掛鉤”是一項(xiàng)改革措施，不是原因。D“與外國公司的競爭很激烈”是正確答案。
23. 答案：A
本題考查根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容進(jìn)行推測的能力。根據(jù)第二段第一句話“美國商業(yè)界目前決策的高速度是一因特網(wǎng)技術(shù)為基礎(chǔ)的”，可推測出“因特網(wǎng)的使用提高了美國公司的競爭力”，因此答案是A。
24. 答案：C
本題要求考生回答作者舉例的目的是什么。在第三段的第一句話，作者指出“在市場的刀刃上，有些人將流血。”接著寫很多人包括自己在內(nèi)通過因特網(wǎng)購買汽車，導(dǎo)致汽車專賣行的倒閉，因此C“舉例說明因特網(wǎng)的一個負(fù)面影響”是答案。
25. 答案：B
本段說的是購物方式的改變，因此change最為接近transition的含義。
Passage Two
26. 答案：D
文章的第一段明確指出，人們對于學(xué)校應(yīng)該發(fā)展智力沒有異議，分歧主要在于智力發(fā)展應(yīng)該在多大程度上優(yōu)先于其他責(zé)任。因此人們爭論的焦點(diǎn)是D“學(xué)校是否應(yīng)該過于重視智力發(fā)展”。
27. 答案：C
從題干的一詞可知，本題答案在第三段的第二句話。全句的大意是：“有人質(zhì)疑，學(xué)生們能否在接受了強(qiáng)調(diào)智力發(fā)展的學(xué)校教育之后，不靠直接的教授，就能自動地獲得良好的道德水平和職業(yè)技能。”因此答案為C。
28. 答案：B
本題的答案在最后一段。作者指出：“支持巴重點(diǎn)放在智力發(fā)展上的人建議，教學(xué)計劃應(yīng)該主要以外語、數(shù)學(xué)、歷史、文學(xué)和硬科學(xué)，即能夠挑戰(zhàn)智力的學(xué)科為中心。批評者們認(rèn)為，這些科目實(shí)際上針對的是少數(shù)大學(xué)里的知識精英…把重點(diǎn)放在某一個只有少數(shù)人受益的方向上是不合適的。”由此可知，過分強(qiáng)調(diào)外語、數(shù)學(xué)、歷史等科目的教學(xué)計劃只能使少數(shù)人受益。
29. 答案：A
文中至少提到三個教育目標(biāo)：發(fā)展智力、培養(yǎng)公民意識和教授工作技能。所以答案是“學(xué)校應(yīng)同時實(shí)現(xiàn)多個目標(biāo)”是正確的。
30. 答案：D
本題考查作者的態(tài)度，作者沒有闡述個人的意見，只是在客觀地介紹不同的觀點(diǎn)，所以選“客觀的”。
Passage Three
31. 答案：C
本題考查對一個比喻的理解。Lofland把女人比作背景的家具，意在說明在城市研究中婦女一直被忽視，因此答案為C。
32. 答案：D
本題考查哪一個不是導(dǎo)致婦女研究缺乏的原因，因此答案在第二段。A“很多男性研究者沒有機(jī)會觀察女性”，B“婦女的生活主要局限在家庭中”和C“婦女很少參加公共生活”在文章中均有提及。只有D“婦女從不犯任何值得研究的罪行”說的過于絕對，是錯誤的。
33. 答案：A
從第三段的第一句話可看出，well-to-do的城市和郊區(qū)婦女與少數(shù)民族和工人階級的婦女生活方式有很大的差別。由此可推導(dǎo)出，well-to-do的含義應(yīng)該和少數(shù)民族和工人階級婦女的“貧窮”相反，故其含義極有可能是“富裕的”。其他三個選項(xiàng)的意思分別是：“能干的”，“聰明的”、“好心的”。
34. 答案：A
本題同題一樣考查作者舉例的目的，答案在本段的第一句話。該句話的意思是，盡管某些經(jīng)典的社會學(xué)著作已經(jīng)研究過少數(shù)民族和工人階級婦女的生活方式，但是對城市和郊區(qū)富裕婦女的生活還缺乏研究。這就是作者下面舉例要說明的觀點(diǎn)。
35. 答案：A
本題考查全文的中心思想——對城市和郊區(qū)婦女研究的嚴(yán)重缺乏。因此答案為 A。
IV. Word Spelling
36. sheet 37. prospect 38. official 39. lovely 40. import
41. forecast 42. element 43. wisdom 44. tense 45. regular
46. overturn 47. switch 48. acquire 49. decline 50. enhance
51. efficient 52. extent 53. construct 54. abolish 55. project
V. Word Form
56. to reduce 動詞不定式做表語，表示“將來”之意。
57. blamed until recently一般和過去時連用，意為“直到最近”。
58. giving 現(xiàn)在分詞在句中做結(jié)果狀語。
59. (should) be attacked 連接的條件狀語從句用should＋動詞原形的虛擬語氣形式，因?yàn)槿藗兒ε隆氨灰u擊”，所以還要用被動語態(tài)。
60. were motivated 本句有具體的表示過去的時間狀語in 1980，所以用過去時的被動。
61. to get 所填動詞和形容詞easy連用，在句中作figure的定語。
62. more disturbing 從后面的than可知，這是一個含比較級的句子。
63. being exposed 介詞from后面接動名詞，同時應(yīng)該用被動形式。
64. made 過去分詞作定語。
65. had attained as if引導(dǎo)的從句屬于第二大類的虛擬語氣，因?yàn)橐磉_(dá)“已經(jīng)”的意思，所以由原來的現(xiàn)在完成時變成過去完成時。
VI. Translate the following sentences into English
66. The process of shrinking may be so intense that a black hole results.
67. New measures were introduced to help domestic workers.
68. Robots are becoming increasingly prevalent in factories throughout the developed world.
69. The people with whom we come into contact are all likely to influence our attitudes.
70. Now that we understand the problem, we can go some way to overcoming it.
Ⅶ. Translate the following passage into Chinese
窮人和富人的差距很大，在收入上和他們的衣著、用具以及生活方式的性質(zhì)上都是如此。在美元曾經(jīng)非常值錢的時候，年薪五千美元兌保險公司的總裁來說都是一筆誘人的數(shù)目，而這時某些海濱城市的商人們一年掙幾十萬；據(jù)說波士頓有一個商人，從他的船隊(duì)一次航行中就聚斂了十萬美元。這種人不光有錢——當(dāng)然不用交所得稅——而且任何人在大街上看見他和他的夫人就會一眼看出他很有錢。隔著五十步你就能看出，他們的服裝從質(zhì)地到裁剪都和普通人的十分不一樣。 |
